The Conquest Of Finland

Initially Alexander I wanted to attach Finland to his Empire. 

Those teleological explanation, according to which Russia gradually expanded their range to their natural border river Torniojoki (Thorn), was given after the signing of the Hamina peace. Ponachalu war with Sweden 1808, during which Russian troops occupied "Finland", seemed similar to the Russo-Swedish war 1742 or 1710-1721. In the Tilsit Treaty, Napopolam and Alexander 1 it was stipulated only that Russia should
scrunity Sweden and Denmark to participate in the continental blockade of England. The choice of means to solve this problem remained for Alexander 1. After diplomatic steps Russia had no effect on Gustav IV, it was decided to do military pressure. The promise to convene representatives Finnish classes at the Congress in Turku, which was in the manifest of the Supreme commander Buxhoevden, common among the Finnish population before the Russian troops crossed the border, did not mean the decision on the annexation of conquered territory forever, as meeting County officials convened already during the "low enmity" 13 In Turku.

Soon, however, at the end of March, when the Russian arrived in Turku, foreign States announced its entry forever Swedish Finlandii to Russia. 

The reason was to arrange the arrest in Stockholm of the Russian Ambassador Alopeus, but  for true the reasons were the desire of Russia paucity compensation for the defeat that they suffered in Turkey, as well as the need to counterbalance the success of Napoleon in Spain.
Because the military action contrary to what was intended, has not been as successful, promised the diet to Turku was not convened. Resistance and counter-attack the Swedes prevented the implementation of of this plan. Peasant "guerrilla war" also mattered. But after the decision on the official accession persons took the oath of allegiance to the new monarch from the population of Finland, and then, in June, issued a Manifesto, which also referred to the strong adherence of Finland
to Russia. The Emperor was assured to it's new subjects the same Akanov right.

The conquest of Finland, Russia followed his conquests in Estonia and Livonia: even before the signing of the interstate the peace Treaty established a new contact with new subjects, confirming their previous laws and rights, and taking from them allegiance for the conquest and pacification of the country largely facilitated by the fact that the Bishop of Åbo, its leadership officials and governors, expressed their popiest and willingness to cooperate.
Instead of the Saeima (Parliament) in Turku were elected and sent to Once 1808 in Petersburg a deputation from the estates. At the meeting in Erfurt in autumn 1808, Alexander I received from Napoleon's consent on the accession of the occupied territories to Russia. Meeting in Erfurt was the kind of event to clarify the provisions of The Tilsit Treaty. It made it possible to create bolee stielow the system of civil administration of Finland. In the beginning the Emperor approved the regulation (rulebook) temporary Committee, appointed G. M. of Stringsorting General
Governor, and put it right Finish law cases directly to the Emperor, bypassing the Ministers of the Empire.

However, a temporary Committee was never established. 

Between the deputation and the Emperor was signed the "contract", for substantially similar, in particular, the treaties of surrender
which were concluded with the nobility and cities of Estonia and Livonia In 1710, just as it was done by representatives of the Estonia and Livonia, the deputation made a list of wishes, to which the Emperor laid his Resepsi. More prior to his composing the deputation stated that she is not entitled to half 1 mochumi of the diet, with the Emperor's promise to convene the estates meeting. In the wish-list of 15 of the items discussed. On particular questions, for example about the correct construction of Lecha (in order to avoid the occurrence of fire), and the most important and essential - about the overall security by maintaining the laws and rights and the establishment of govern helistuudio of the Committee from among the most educated people in the region unde the Governor-General.
During the stay of the deputation to St. Petersburg, the Russian Emperor, crowned with numerous titles, declared himself also Grand Duke of Finland. Emperors before, for example the conquests in the Baltic States, took title wore the ruler of the conquered territory. Thus, easy to add title to existing, as such, have not meant the birth of Finland as a political community.

FAQ for Christianity

1) Why are there four Gospels?

Many readers of the New Testament are surprised that there are four gospels, not one, and because they were written by four authors, it creates the impression that we don't even have the gospel (Injil) of Jesus. However, the truth lies in the fact that in reality we have one, The gospel, and the gospel of Jesus the Messiah. He Himself is the gospel. The word "Gospel" means "Good News" and this Good News we find in the Person Christ. Therefore, the narrative of the four Gospels of the Bible are the four narratives are one and the same gospel. Therefore, Mark's account in really is the gospel of Jesus the Messiah according to Mark ("the Beginning The Gospel Of Jesus Christ...", Mark 1:1). The fact that we have four story, it only confirms the argument in favor of the accuracy of these narratives. If we had only one narrative, then we certainly would arise doubts about how to judge the reliability of the source, then as in fact we have four narratives of the events, which we read in them.

If four people came to Trafalgar square in London, sat at the four corners and described the Column of Nelson and everything they see around them, their written evidence would have been different. Their narrative is not contradicted to each other, but complement each other. In the four Gospels there are differences, but together they represent a complete picture of the personality of Christ. Each author reveals the Ministry and mission of Christ.

This can be illustrated by the example of how four authors of the gospel — Matthew,

Mark, Luke and John — show the genealogy of Christ. 
Matthew, as everyone knows, wrote for the Jews and wanted to show that Christ is the real Messiah. So he showed in the genealogy, that Christ is the Son of David and Son of Abraham.
Mark emphasized the Ministry of Christ did not speak of His birth, and focused solely on His service.
Luke showed Christ's person, therefore he presented His genealogy, which was conducted not only to David and Abraham, but to Adam.

John wanted to show that Christ is there with the beginning of history. So it says nothing about the genealogy of Christ, nor of His birth, and goes on David, Abraham and Adam to eternity and says:
 "The beginning was the Word" (John 1:1).

2) Why there is there separation in Christianity?

Christianity is mainly divided into three branches — Catholicism,

Orthodoxy and Protestantism. First and foremost it should be noted that if necessary was to outline a General range, we would include all these three branches. In other words, the three branches agreed on the fundamental truths of the Christian faith, includes most, if not all, of what is written in this little book. There are other groups, such as Jehovah's Witnesses, Mormons, out of this circle, because their beliefs go against the fundamental Christian truths. Between the Catholic and Orthodox Church that split in 1054, there are many similarities; the Catholic Church known as the West and as Eastern Orthodox. Both make a strong emphasis on tradition and ceremony. The main difference between these churches and the Protestant Church is to question authority. When Martin Luther argued against that position the Church, which prevailed in his time, he was convinced that the Church has departed from the principles original Christianity. Simply put, the Catholic Church in addition to The Bible felt the same authoritative traditions and officially recognized by the government the Church and the Pope. For example, the very existence of the Pope, belief in the divine authority of Mary and the need to confess their sins before the Holy the deacon is the concept that is not written in The Bible. As it is said Martin Luther, "our authority is the Scripture alone, by faith alone and only by

The grace of God". So the Protestant movement was a reaction of protest, Protestants

sought to return to the authoritative truths that we find only in The Bible. Of course, Protestantism itself was divided over time into many various Christian groups, and the differences between them exist, the main way, on issues of structure and organization. In many countries there are

alliances that bring together churches who believe in the Bible, and although the views of these churches on the structure and methods of worship in secondary issues teachings differ on the main issues of Christian faith and practice they are unanimous.

3) What special days and holidays there are in Christianity?

Giving paramount importance to the spiritual aspects of the Christian faith, many Christians unlike many traditional churches do not give much importance to the observance of special "Holy holidays" or ceremonies. Having in mind those facts,Christianity reveals to people not only in his teaching but in the historical events, and these events are held in accordance with the Christian calendar.
Two of the most important events in Christianity are Christmas, when celebrated

the birth of Christ, and Easter, consisting of good Friday and Easter Sundays, which mark respectively, the death and resurrection of Christ. Other important events are the Ascension, which always falls on Thursday, forty days after Easter, and the Coming of the Holy spirit, which

celebrated ten days later, which always falls on a Sunday. Christmas always falls on December 25, and Easter time is determined by the Jewish lunar calendar and usually it falls at the end of March or on April. It should also be noted that the New year is not considered a Christian

holiday, although it is associated with the Christian calendar.

One God - One Way

The Old Testament and The New testament 

What says Christianity? To review special Christian views and practices it seems reasonable to ask the following question: "What is this great picture?" If you are considering extensive painting, you can start paint the details, but you can, keeping far away, to notice all, or, as says the English expression: "to see the forest from the trees".

Jews, Christians and Muslims, like the Hindus, and adherents of Eastern religions (to recognize the cyclical nature of history and that it repeats itself) believe that history is a straight line with a beginning and end. Where Christians come to this position? Many people mistakenly think that
Christians uprooted from the history of Jesus (ISA al masih) and stole the followers of the person who lived 2000 years ago, but had no connection with history before or after him. But it is not done properly and Union with God's plan and purpose. Christians believe that God created people to have relationships with them, and at the beginning, in the days of Adam and Eve. The man and
the woman were not made by robots; they were given free will, but as deceived by Satan they disobeyed God's commandment and lost spiritual relationship with God. Spiritual and physical death entered the world, leading to separation from God and eventually to eternal death.
The situation continued to deteriorate to such an extent that God destroyed all through the flood and resumed relations with Noah and his family. Sin, however, continued to dominate, as seen in the incident with the tower of Babel (Genesis Chapter 11). In light of these big cosmic events such as the fall of man and the scattering of people the world after the tower of Babel (Genesis 3 — 11), God set in the effect of Its recovery plan, to bring blessing and salvation to all humanity.

Ludovico Mazzolino - God the Father

Abraham and the people of God

Abraham was elected, and after his family grew up in the nation Israel, put the Foundation, which was to prepare the world for the coming blessings and salvation. God entered into a special, sealed the agreement communication with His people and through Moses (Musa) and Joshua led the people out of Egyptian captivity through the wilderness into the promised land. All this is recorded in the Bible (Kitab al Muqaddas) and in the part known as the Old Testament, discovered some principles which help to show that there is not only one God, but also the only way to Him. For example,
through the history of the nation of Israel identified the following principles:
1. People are full of sin and separated from God and are under deserved condemnation to be punished for their sins.
2. There is nothing that people can do, such as good deeds to deserve the adoption of God.
3. But God in His mercy has provided for the principle of sacrifice so that "sinless" animal replaces all the sin of the individual, and this leads to forgiveness.
4. God gave the law through Moses that His people knew how to live the people of God.

God singled out priests, representing His people and brought sacrifices to the altar in the tabernacle (the temporary structure, installed in the desert for worship) or in the temple later built by Solomon. 

God also sent prophets, represented Him, and who carried the Word of God to His people. After great leaders, like Moses and Joshua, became known to the other leaders-judges, and then put the kings to lead the people of God. Despite all this, the people wanted something better and perfect.
Repeated failures in the Affairs of the people, or some of its leaders encouraged change. Therefore in the old Testament many references to the coming of the being as the Messiah (al-masih, the Anointed one, or Christ). Moses spoke of the coming of the special prophet; there was expectation of a perfect high priest, who will live forever, and in light of the insolvency of the kings, the promises of God's perfect the king, whose reign will also be eternal.
In the old Testament, God had great limitations and obstacles, and due to constant failures and mistakes there were also the need for people to change themselves. So, in the old Testament there is mention of the upcoming new contract which, among other blessings, includes the perfect sacrifice for sin, and a new temple — a meeting place and an outpouring of the spirit of God for all believers, entailing a change of the human heart. For this reason the Bible is divided into two parts: the old Testament (Ahd al-Kadhim) and the New Testament (Ahd al-Jadid), where the word "Testament" means "contract".
Therefore, summing up the hopes of the old Testament, people were expecting:
• perfect prophet, priest, and king,
• perfect sacrifice for sins,
• new contract
• the new Church
• internal change of all believers by God's Spirit.

The Evangelical evidence

Would be useful, if moreover I  give testimony of the Jew Joseph, who in the eighteenth book of his Jewish antiquities, described the times of Pilate, mentions our Saviour saying:

"About that time lived Jesus, a wise man, if He can be called a man. 
He did amazing things andtaught people that worshipped the truth. 
He attracted many Jews and many Greeks.
It was Christ. 
Denounced by our superiors, Pilate condemned Him to be crucified, but those who from the beginning loved Him, He calls out to the faithful.
On the third day He appeared to them alive. 
The Prophets Of God predicted it and many others about Him."

(Fotó: Nehézy László, MKGY)

So, if and as the historian has It attracted not only the twelve apostles or even the seventy disciples, but many Jews and many of the Greeks, it is obvious that He possessed such power, which is not possessed by others. Is not surprising, that his miraculous deeds, previously unheard of doctrine had attracted so many people to follow him?



The Jews were punished for their crimes, for what crucified Jesus, the divine judge, and then persecuted His. Many of the Jews and many Gentiles believed in Him, attracted by his moral precepts and his acts. And even His death did not put the end of their faith and love, but rather increased their commitment...

 Joseph, Josephus about Christ

The Jews also testified [about Christ], as did Joseph, who wrote their history, which says:
"At this time was living a man, if you can call Him a man, who made
amazing things that on the third day after his death was alive according to the Scriptures of the prophets, who predicted on that earlier. It is this and much more extremely wonderful. He's the one Who went and titled people Christian, penetrated into every human race, so there is no nation in the Roman world, not familiar with His religion."
If the Jews do not believe us, then let them believe their own. For it is said of Joseph, whom they revered the great; but still saying so, they didn't believe him.
And yet, he said, to confirm the historical truth (historiae fidem), because they believed the deception by sin, even though he was an unbeliever, because the fossils of his heart and wicked thoughts.
The truth is not affected by the fact that he was an unbeliever, but, on the contrary,
this is what adds weight to his testimony, he did not want it to be true, it is nevertheless not
denied that this was so.

 Jerome. About famous men,

Joseph, son of Matthias... In the eighteenth book of the Antiquities, very frankly admits that Christ was put to death by the Pharisees. That He had done great miracles, that John the Baptist was a true
prophet and that he was destroyed for killing the Apostle James.
And the Lord wrote the following:
"At the time was Jesus, a wise man, if only you can call Him a man. 
Because He did marvellous things and taught those who are willing to perceive the truth. 
He had very many followers both of the Jews and other people who believe that He is Christ. Although denounced by our superiors
Pilate condemned Him to be crucified, but nevertheless wavered in their faith
in It, those who first loved Him.
For He appeared to them on the third day alive, according to the predictions of the prophets, 
those who foretold about It is, and more amazing. 
And Christian race, having Him and his name, till date not reduced.

The Coming Of The Messiah

 Perfect and complete revelation of the living God

With the end of the old Testament before the birth of Christ there is a gap length in 400 years and
"silence" from God. However, God knew what He was doing, and as the Apostle Paul said "when the fullness of time has come" God sent Christ into this world.
As one Professor from College read "the history of the world civilization" during a study in Tehran many years ago, the most appropriate time with political, cultural, social and safety points of view for the parish.

There was a time when He came, The Savior in the world . It was the best time in history that  was supposed to be able to take the message of Christ.

The Prophet:
Why did He come? Is He like a long chain of prophets who came before and carried the message of God, or there is something else?

1857, canvas, oil, 540x750 cm

Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov

The Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

 

















On the one hand, the prophet, of course,  fulfilling the prophecy of Moses concerning the  Prophet who is to come. In fact, the people of  Jesus's time heard it and said, "This is truly the  Prophet That should come into the  world" (John 6:14; 7:401), and later the Apostle  Peter confirmed it during a sermon in Jerusalem-  Salima (Acts 3:22).
 Finally Jesus also used this title twice (Mark6:4;  Luke13:33).

But in what sense is He a prophet?

Christians believe that, although true the fact that He was born of the virgin Mary, this was not the beginning of Its existence.
Christ was always and always have been. It is the Word of God (Kalimatullah) Says Injil: 
"In the beginning was the word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. It was in
the beginning with God... And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us" (John 1:1-2,14).

The uniqueness of Jesus not only in what he prophesies about the future, how other prophets, or brings a message from God, like other prophets, but God speaks to us through all His being and personality. Jesus is the image of the invisible God (Colossians 1:15), and God spoke in past through prophets, in these last days speaks to us through the Person of Christ (Hebrews 1:1-2).

Through His life, teachings, miracles, and Its presence on earth, Christ shows us what God is and that there is a God who loves us and cares about us. The acts of Christ are acts of God,
 and therefore, as God's representative He bears a perfect and complete revelation of the living God.

Pearl of Great Price

In this post we will consider answering the question of the uniqueness of Christianity. What blessings can you find in Christianity and anywhere else? Or you can use the parable of Jesus about the merchant, seeking precious pearls, who having found the pearl of great price, goes and
sells all that he has, after peg buys it (Matthew 13:45-46). What is in the Christian doctrine so dear to the pearl?There are at least four aspects, which the Christians consider how special and unique their faith is

1) Knowledge of God: the concept of revelation and how the one true God reveals Himself through Christ

People everywhere are sincerely seeking God. Excessive attention to factor the greatness and power of God can do It in the view of the distant, impersonal, unknowable. Religion can become a dead set of laws and rules rather than a relationship of love that exists between God the Creator and

people, His creations. The uniqueness of Christianity is that one true God, Who loves mankind and wants to establish with the people closest and a trust relationship has revealed Himself through Christ that all people might know Him as your Father in Heaven. Therefore, there is no greater joy and honor than to know God and to know him as Father.

2) The Forgiveness of sins: the concept of purification, and how the one true God forgives us through the sacrifice of Christ

Most religions call people to repentance, but this call depends on the end of sin, i.e. what exactly need to repent. Some people consider themselves sinners because the committed some evil act, not because they were born a sinner, or that in their hearts lives a sinful nature. So the call to repentance such people understand the need to repent the violation of rituals and morals and strive to atone for specific sins and go back by doing good deeds. The biblical concept of sin shows that true forgiveness is not only erase bad deeds of the great Ledger. First of all you need to realize that all have sinned against God because of the sinfulness of our thoughts, words, affairs and of life itself. So all need forgiveness to be able to establish a right relationship between God and man. Sin separates us from God and true forgiveness is only possible through the sacrifice of Christ, which man has the ability to communicate with God. In fact, many people have feelings of guilt about the mistakes, and they genuinely feel need to be confident that they are forgiven. Therefore, a man can have no greater pleasure and value than to know that his sins have been forgiven.

3) Assurance of salvation: the difference between law and grace as the basis of God approval

Many religions teach that God forgives sin, but the basis of forgiveness in different religions are different. In some cases, a salvation based on obedience to human law, whereas in Christianity it is based solely on God's grace. Others tell people what they must do to earn salvation; Christianity tells man that made God to give him salvation. Therefore, in the first case, there is no assurance of salvation, because in this world people do not can know for sure where God has ordained it in heaven or hell. However, in Christianity, even if the people themselves do not consider themselves worthy of God's forgiveness, on the basis of Christ's death God gives the salvation that man must accept by faith. Good works in the Christian life is important, but salvation and acceptance of man by God is not depending on these cases. Therefore, there is no greater joy and honor than to know that God has accepted a person.

4) Change of heart: the difference between the external reforms and internal changes

In many countries, religious leaders are taking decisive actions to bring their society in line with the principles, laws and the rules of their religion. Sometimes these actions lead to conflicts between

religious tip and a certain part of the population rebelling against such orders perceived by them as harmful and destructive. Good examples of this we see in the doctrine of Christ, whence we learn that

the man, that defiles a sinful heart that no external reforms edit. The people themselves are their own character and can not change. They are not able to turn sinful desires to righteous or the love of sin, love of righteousness. Only new life and strength given by God, can change a man and give him the ability to live a righteous life of obedience to God's will. Therefore, there is no greater joy and honor than receiving this new life and strength from God giving us the Holy Spirit. So help each of us live God to find this "pearl of great price", no matter how much it may cost.

Solar eclipse and earthquake during the crucifixion of Christ

According to the Gospels, as the birth and death of Jesus on the cross accompanied by extraordinary natural phenomena.

N. Currier via LOC

"The sixth hour darkness came over the whole land
 until the ninth hour", —
read in the evangelists of the heavenly signs at the time of the crucifixion of Jesus and this message repeat them to word for word, of course, goes back to one common source. Matfaye adds,
" The darkness was accompanied by an earthquake 
                     and the earth did quake; 
                     and the rocks were split" .
Since attempts to find echoes of such Newby- the tea incident in the annals of that era. Even the early Christian the apologist Tertullian , addressing the Romans, wrote: "RAS fifth, He showed many signs of... At the same time there was a significant lo Eclipse of the sun during the day. This Eclipse is considered ordinary to the ones who didn't know what was foretold about Christ. Notification of this
Eclipse as a world disaster, in the archives" (Apologetic,XXI 19). Perhaps, in this case we are talking about Acts of Pilate, or about one of the false "letters of Pilate" to the Emperor Tiberius (or Claudius) then appeared in different variations.
Starting with Julius Africanus , Origen and Eusebius of CES-enters the country from Christian apologists betrayed exceptional value the Greek historian of Phlegon who mentioned about the Eclipse, the sun and the strongest earthquake of CA. 32-33 ad. On he messages of the Patriarch of Constantinople Photius, the Byzantine lexicon Suda (UD), a Freedman of the Emperor Hadrian (117-138 ad) and left several works, including historical chronicle ("Excerpts from the Olympics"), cher-
fell information Julius Africanus and Origen. This chronicle has not survived and is known only in short fragments, quoted by later. Characteristically, the place where Phlegon tells about the Eclipse of the sun, and ZEM- tetracene in Bithynia, is only in Christian writers; however, the same applies almost to the whole essay. Despite this, the message of Fregona what we see in the transfer
Eusebius and Jerome, it seems genuine. The fact that the epicenter of the earthquake called the Asia minor area, quite remote from Palestine,speaks in favor of non-Christian origin of this message. If
we were dealing with preevangelism fiction, then this quote would have a number of specific features inherent in the Christian apocriticus-hell the literature (a notable dependence on the Gospels, the gospel of phraseology, etc.), and probably would have marked the epicenter of the earthquake Jerusalem. It does not cause special objections and Dating, allowing to include a solar Eclipse and an earthquake to 32-33 ad. Somewhat puzzling reference to Phlegon of Origen. According to him,
Flagon "attributed to Christ in the anticipation of an unknown future" (Against Celsus, II, 14).
Are we to understand it so that Phlegon wrote of Christ? Judging by the meaning of the text, no. However, in this place of orientation the gene is expressed in a very vague and mysterious way. In two other passages he is more intelligible and undoubtedly has in mind the message of Flagon that
quoting other Christian authors. Although here we see Origen only a cursory reference to a solar Eclipse and the great earthquake what happened during the crucifixion of Jesus, without specifying the scene and other details. Apparently, Origen used the same data as his colleagues, and still remark it, as if Flagon attributed, predicting the Barcelona of the future, Jesus Christ or the Apostle Peter, should be attributed to account of the arbitrary interpretation of the message of Flagon or revelation made by Origen in the heat of debate. Suppose a historian of the first half of the II century Publius Aelius Phlegon  about the solar Eclipse and earthquake in Bithynia around the same year in which in Jerusalem was executed Jesus Chris. But something in the message Flagon as his lead Christians authors is still suspicious. For example, the sixth-the hour of the solar Eclipse, reminiscent of the corresponding seminariya Evangelcal message. Maybe Phlegon knew the gospel? He was born
in Asia Minor, in Trellech, where the end of the first century there was a Christian community
with your Bishop. The possibility that Flagon enjoyed Christian traditions, cannot be ruled out, although it is unlikely. This court historian wholly followed the religious policy of imperator Adrian, who treated the Christians contemptuously hostile (see section III, document 4B). Characterized by the remark of Origen, that Flagon testifying for Christ against his will. The less, we have Flegon had no reason to reproduce the details of the gospel history-RII, even if he knew it.

References
A passage from the writings of Origen is given in the translation by L. Pisarev (1912). Fragments of the works of Phlegon in the transmission of Eusebius of Caesarea St, Jerome and John Philopon transferred by publication:
Easter Die Fragmente der Historiker (FGrH) / Ed. F. Jacobi. Bd. II,
"B". Berlin, 1929. N 257; 4, 16a, 16C. Excerpts from the Paschal chronicle and
"Chronicle of John Malala translated at Patrology by J. Ming
(PG 92, 536; 97, 369). Excerpt from the Chronicle of Michael the Syrian re-
led by publication: Michel le Syrien. Chronique / Ed. et trad. en franç. par
J. B. Chabot. Vol. I. Paris, 1899. P. 143-144.

Spiritual world - evolutionary process of understanding

Understanding the most important of all questions at the beginning of it all

The evidence given in the ancient scripts allow us to proceed to the question of Knowledge of God,
which God requires from man in a rather harsh manner, saying:

"My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because you rejected knowledge, I also will reject you from being priest unto Me"
(Hos. 4:6).


The apparent eternity and inviolability of the world religions nothing more than an illusion, for what a few thousand years of the existence of these religions in comparison with many tens of thousands of years of modern humanity and the same time spiritual people search?

According to scripts:
"But not only polytheism but animism and proto-animism are not limited to muddy, random, subjective images that arose in the consciousness of primitive humanity: trans-physical reality is behind them. Providence because Providence is that it never left peoples and races to be the plaything of phantasms and illusions, without any opportunity to get in touch with the highest reality".

Religion and pagan beliefs both confirmative of the knowledge

Analysis of world religions and pagan beliefs confirms the knowledge. Consider for this purpose the text of the Bible. All the old Testament permeate the history of the unjust kings, was inclined to paganism, and righteous, returning to Monotheism.

As you know, the Bible begins with the Torah (Pentateuch). It includes the 613 rules of living, including all of the famous 10 commandments. These rules tie all aspects of human life, ranging from the household to the sacred. Nevertheless, before the New Testament Scripture on the average every forty or fifty years, there is a new prophetic and doctrinal books, giving new life rules, often rejecting the old. An example can be the words of the prophet Hosea:

"For I desire mercy, not sacrifice, and The Knowledge of GOD than burnt offerings" (Hos. 6, 6).


To understand how it sounded the statement of Hosea, it is necessary to delve into people's ideas of the era. For two centuries there was the First Temple in Jerusalem. Many generations of priests specialized in the rituals of various sacrifices committed in honor of the holidays and for various transgressions. This was established by God and recorded in the Torah. And it turns out that Behoudens more important than sacrifice.


In what direction the spiritual evolution of the knowledge of God reflected, though with great delay and difficulty in the world religions?
Let's start with the fact that of the availability of the Program of evolution of the Universe, as a private investigation, the conclusion follows that all religions are given to mankind from a single Center and according to a single plan.

Gospel history messages

SOME OF THE MESSAGES OF THE GOSPELS

 IN THE LIGHT OF HISTORY

 THE ROMAN CENSUS AND THE BOARD QUIRINIA IN SYRIA

No other gospel text does not cause as much controversy as the message Luke about the census of Caesar Augustus during the reign of Syria quirinia, the time by which it is dated the birth of Jesus,

but the primary source on the history of the Jews of that period the works Josephus, the census in Judea was made in 6 ad, after its inclusion in the Roman Empire and the Viceroyalty Sulpice KVI-

rinia in Syria dates from 6-12 ad (antiquities of the Jews, XVIII 1.1;2.1). All this is not consistent with the indication of the evangelists that Jesus was born during the reign of Herod the Great, that is before 4 BC (Matthew 2:1; LK 1:5). 

To overcome this problem, historians have suggested that something similar census was conducted in Judea until 6 ad, and even during the week. - MENA of Herod the Great. Seen that Luke presents this as the census "the first to the Board of quirinia" (2:2), from which we can conclude that the Evangelist was aware of other census in Syria and Palestine, occurring later. Regarding quirinia it is assumed that he was the chief of Syria before the Josephus of the period. In defense of this view contains a series of papers that are published in the book: Lopukhin A. P. story in the Bible in the light of the latest researches and discoveries. In The New Testament.

Table Claudia

Discovered in 1527 near Lyon two bronze tables, keep- Las Latin inscription, which is an excerpt from the speech of the Emperor Claudius before the Senate, delivered in 48 BC. e. About this question according to WSS "Annals" of Tacitus (XI 24). The census referred to in the inscription,

is comparable to the message of Luke "about the decree of Caesar Augustus to do a census of all the earth."

The Byzantine lexicon Suda (UD)

Peren  and s .Augustus Caesar becoming autocrat the Emperor, chose twenty men, distinguished for his honesty and ability, and sent them throughout the land, subordinate to his authority, for the work of the census of persons and estates, according to the levy taxes that are meant to do in pub-

governmental coffers. This was the first census. The census that took place before, was a kind of robbery of the rich, as the state looked on wealth as a social crime. When Augustus Caesar wanted

learn how great was the number of inhabitants in the Roman Empire, he tell facilities to produce the personal census. The number of all subjects of the Roman Empire. He reached 4 101 017 people.

The inscription from Tivoli

In the first century ad (Stone), found in 1764 near Rome, in Tivoli.

The Tibur, is partially preserved Latin inscription (CIL 3613). As is clear from the text, a person who dedicated the inscription, under the Emperor Caesar August was twice held the position of proconsul

Syria. The name itself was not preserved, but perhaps it is none other than Publius Sulpice Quirini, although against such an identification has its objections. In the reconstruction of  T. Mommsen alleged test in square brackets. [P. Sulpicius Quirinius, the local son of Publius, Consul, as Pro-

the Consul ruled the province of Crete and Cyrenaica... Legate propretor Divine Aug province of Syria and Phoenicia, he waged war against the people of hamonado,] who [killed Amyntas, his king. At the occasion of the conquest of this people [of power and the power of the Divine] Augustus and the Roman people, the Senate [identified to the immortal gods] two supplications for success, [it has achieved, and he decided] to paces years of triumph. [He has obtained] the proconsul of province of Asia [and as Legat proprietor] the Divine August, the second time the province of Syria and Phoenicia.

Creator and Ruler of the Universe explained by science

First of any spiritual teaching should be the attitude towards the existence of one God — the Creator and Ruler of the Universe.

The same requirement should be attributed to any religious or philosophical text, or even purely scientific text, but which have important ideological value. Recall that the question mankind has asked themselves for thousands of years, as it is said in the Psalm of king David three thousand years ago:
"the fool hath said
in his heart there is No God"
(PS. 13:1).

The success of non-religious science, radically changed in two centuries, the living conditions of all mankind, has led many people to believe that this question is not relevant. Hence the attempts of theologians is not limited to the religion of the sufficiency of faith, namely, the key scientific evidence to prove Its existence. To this end, in the nineteenth century, a contemporary of Charles Darwin, the Englishman William Paley published a work entitled "Natural theology".
The essence of his argument was to ensure that everything created by human hands, was as the author of the idea and its performer. Moreover, in his opinion, It should have such a grandiose creation as the universe.

However, the proof of the Paley materialists have been found a logical flaw, as expressed in the question: "who created God?"

That is, from the standpoint of formal logic it was shown that from the solution of a relatively simple question about the creation of the Universe arises a more difficult question about its Creator.

But, as prophetically foresaw :

"Spokesmen for militant and rational mindset inherited from the philosophers and efforts in connection with the rapid progress of the natural Sciences, these minds built some provisions of modern materialism in the Covenant, a cornerstone of the dogma, never expressing the idea that the same science in a hundred years will begin to undermine the foundations of the dogma" [1, 439].
A kind of confirmation of this prophecy were the words of a distinguished representative of science astrophysicist S. Hawking. Hawking, describing himself as a positivist and then denying the existence of God in some works ,Grand Design, doubting others, writes that:

"We have to recognize that the origin of the Universe, apparently, lies beyond science" [3, 87].

Then he makes a forced confession:"From the General theory of relativity should be: inside a black hole time is running out. However, the beginning and the end of time are the points at which the equations of General relativity fail. In particular, the theory of relativity cannot predict which should be formed from the Big Bang. Someone sees in this manifestation of divine freedom, the opportunity to start the development of the Universe in any way God "

However, with all due respect to S. Hawking, his opinion is no proof of God's existence, since science is not based on opinions but evidence. So let's try to solve the issue of the existence of the Creator, starting from the scientific facts. Refer for this to the historical research of the biblical text.

Researcher George. McDowell writes:

"It (the Bible) is the only volume ever written of a person or group of people in which we find a large number of prophecies relating to individual Nations, to Israel, to all the tribes of the earth, to certain cities, and the coming of the one Who was to be the Messiah.

In the ancient world they had many ways of predicting the future. And yet, in the whole range of Greek and Latin literature, using the words "Prorok and "Pro - phet, we can't find any specific predictions of major historical events that take place in the distant future".

Then, George. McDowell provides data for historical research contained in the book of Peter Stoner's "Science Says" about the future of the great cities and States, contemporaries of the prophetic predictions: tyre, Samaria, Gaza and Ashkelon, Jerusalem, Palestine, Moab, Ammon, Petra, Edom and Babylon, Assyria and its capital Nineveh, the ancient capitals of Egypt Memphis and Thebes,In the end, the author comes to the following conclusion:

"No human being, never made predictions, any comparable with those which we have just reviewed, and also precisely true. The time interval between these prophecies and their fulfillment is so great that even the most severe critic will not be able to claim that they were made after the predicted event".

Modern Ismaili split into numerous sects

Modern Ismaili split into numerous sects, existing in isolation, and regional, mainly Iran, Afghanistan, Yemen, East Africa, India and southern Central Asia.

The famous Ismaili printed materials and in Bombay in 1946 was founded the scientific “Ismaili society”.

The most long-standing and significant branch of Ismaili steel karmati (al-qaramita, al-Sarmatia). 

The branch, together with its sects arose in the second half of the IX century as a result of major uprisings of the urban poor and peasants against the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs.They led a revolt (890) in Lower Iraq Ismaili preacher (al-Dai), Hamdan bin al-Ashas, nicknamed “carmathians” (short-legged).
The revolt spread to other provinces of the Caliphate, not stopping, despite the defeat and the brutal persecution of the carmathians, to the end of the tenth century.


Active confrontation of the Caliphate, raising slogans of justice, equality and brotherhood among the Muslims found support in the lower ranks, including among the Bedouin.
The dispossessed masses accepted political doctrine of the carmathians, with the hope of anticipating the coming of the promised Mahdi and the end of a difficult life. As a result, in different regions of the Caliphate they managed to create a number of large local associations and even States with his power. Such community-state with its capital in the city of lahsa (Bahrain) was founded in 899 g According to brilliant scholar chorasmia Abu Rayhan al-Biruni (973 - CA. 1050), karmacy in the 30s of the tenth century in India have created their own state until it was destroyed known of the ferocious conqueror Mahmud of Ghazni in 1010-1011. He has perpetrated on the carmathians and Ismaili widespread persecution, subjecting them to terrible torture and mass executions. The same was done on them and other rulers of the Caliphate to the uprising of the people against the government oppressors. Besides, the Caliph's power in the majority were Sunni, and this pushed her Shiites of all branches and sects, carmathians in particular.



In his bitterness against the caliphs, as did karmati illegally usurped power, they were mass terror against Sunni, and anyone else who blindly followed the dogma and Muslim do not share their faith. They systematically attack not only on caravans, but the caravans of pilgrims who made pilgrimages to Mecca, Medina. 930 G. carmate captured Mecca, staging mass destruction pilgrims, the pillage of cities and the capture of several thousand people. But the unprecedented sacrilege had been plundering the Kaaba and the desecration of the black stone, which they broke open, broke in two and was taken to Lahso – the capital of Bahrain kargatskogo state, which existed prior to the late eleventh century the worship of the shrines of Mecca and the black stone” in particular carmate considered idolatry. Expressing contempt for the Shrine of the faithful, they, according to legend, kept him under my feet in the latrine. And only two decades later, at the best arrangement, the stone was returned to Mecca.

Muslim sectarianism

Muslim sectarianism

Theological views

True faith in Allah and his prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu ' alaihi WA sallam)  is unique, because inspired from above, from God. But the insidious enemy of Allah Dajjal (Shaitan) all the time confuses people and lead them astray from the right path. Those Muslims who give in to the suggestions of evil spirits, depart from the true faith and fall into unbelief (kufr) or become hypocrites (hypocrites). But most of isolated wrong to believe in Allah and worship him. They bring in faith all sorts of innovations (Bida) and is considered unlawful lawful. All this becomes sinful heresy.

A warning to believers 

The prophet Muhammad (sallallaahu ' alaihi WA sallam) warned of a time when the Muslim community (Ummah) will split into 71 directions and will be there fighting, to seek the correct faith. And there came such times. God tests those misguided Muslims who have forgotten that font of faith is the Koran. Should not depart from his teachings, otherwise the Muslim will lose the true path to God. What will happen to the Muslim community divided into many directions? By the will of Allah misguided see the light, will return to the bosom of the true faith and triumph of the unity of the Muslim brotherhood around the world.

Science and history approach the study of this phenomenon in Islam

Scientific approaches to the understanding of the fact of stratification of the Muslim community is more difficult. In its methodology the study of this phenomenon in Islam, researchers primarily rely on the method of historical approach and analysis of social causes education trends and sects.
None of the religions is not monolithic and uniform in the confession of the cult. As noted above, that the pre-Islam Arab polytheism was a patchwork of various cults of nature, the spirits, souls and gods. Naturally, arose in the ideological basis of the cult of the one God could not so soon to free himself from his polytheistic birthright. Proselytes of Islam often only nominally and superficially considered themselves to be Muslims by virtue of the fact that religious traditionalism always retains its resilience, weakening slowly and not by imposing bans or “cancel”, but by rethinking the usual beliefs and their adaptation to the new creed.

Bans of Shariah

Bans

Of course, that they are Shariah exceedingly numerous. Their meaning is determined by the fact that the name of Allah and His prophet to protect Muslims from evil acts and thoughts, distorting adherence to “the straight path” (al-Sharia) to righteousness. Although, of course, in all human societies and prohibitions always have a value to avoid harmful thoughts and actions. This is the universal character bans.


The prohibitions imposed by the Sharia can be divided into three main groups: economic, religious, moral and domestic.
Economic and trade bans aimed at the protection of property and mainly of the ownership of the propertied classes.
Trade constitutes an important area of exchange, sales and purchase (sometimes it is consecrated and because Muhammad was a Meccan merchant).



Therefore, special sections of fiqh provide a fair relationship between the seller and the buyer. It is impossible to measure and light weight, commit fraud, cheat money, break the rules between the partners in the partnership (art. shirkat), to buy and sell alcoholic beverages, musical instruments, stolen, won in a game of chance, to obtain usurious interest, etc.
A special section of fiqh is the right eternal (art. Waqf up, hoobs) lands or other inalienable property. Waqf can be caravans, bazaars, vineyards, irrigation facilities etc. It is bequeathed wealth in favor of the mosque, madrasah, tomb. They are considered sacred religious property because it is prohibited to levy taxes, not to sell, dispose of or confiscate.


A large group of prohibitions concerns the sphere . Among them, the most sinful crime is blasphemy, disrespect of the Koran, Mohammed and the saints. Deep defect is considered blameworthy insincerity in faith and especially hypocrisy (art. hypocrites). Accordingly, it is strictly forbidden to commit these acts in thoughts and actions.
A no is apostasy (art. ar-ridd). Himself an apostate (ar. murtadd immediately is in jail, deprived of all civil rights, his marriage dissolved, and the property goes to the state. From him seek repentance, and if it is not followed, the perpetrator will be executed.

At the time of the emergence of Islam and the struggle for monotheism, the Qur'an openly hostile to polytheism (ar. shirk), disbelief (art. kufr), wrong (art. kafir, kafir). Hence the appeals of many verses that prohibit Muslims to be friends with unbelievers and to “fight” with them, “kill” and “banish” them to put their “final defeat”, not to join with them in kinship and friendship relations (2. 92, 187, 189; 3. 27, 114-115 etc.).

Phenomenon of Sharia law

Precedent for modern science

 is so complex in its religious and secular content, which gave rise to the centuries-old disputes, which gave the precedent for modern science. We will not go into the details of theological and scientific disputes, as it is not part of our task. Try to determine a clear reference for our readers.
So, the Sharia is not the law itself, but only a set of orders to the Muslims on the basis of doctrine and principles of the Quran and Sunnah. Specification of “the right path” (al-Sharia) is a system of proper rules, developed in accordance with this framework and defining the attitude of Muslims towards worship, their civil rights and responsibilities, penalties. This system is actually  the science of usul al-fiqh. Recognizing the source of the Islamic creed, it gives rules, principles, rules and Institute of the whole law, theological in nature.

Influence 

Among scientists there is the opinion that the Shari'ah came under the influence of Judaism, Christianity, legal traditions of the Persians and other peoples. Apparently, this is the truth, although the emergence of Shari'a cannot be reduced to the borrowing. The determining factors are the internal needs of the Caliphate as a state system in need of legal regulation of relations between people and the government, between the various strata of the Muslim population. Since the Caliphate recognized Islam as the state religion, not the last role was played by the establishment of basic religious duties, was elevated to the rank of indispensable in their execution by all Muslims.
These social needs determined the production of an extensive system of legal norms of the Muslim law (fiqh) as an integral part of Sharia.

The Dogma 

In different centers of the Caliphate, Medina, Damascus, Kufa, etc.) began to develop schools of jurists (ar. faqih, who knows; in the narrow sense – well-versed in the theological and legal knowledge). The starting position was taken from the Quran and Sunnah. But it turned out that both sources have significant drawbacks: they do not contain many of even the most basic norms and rules suffer from contradictions, up to the mutually exclusive provisions. Gradually, the solution was found. Given the prescriptions of the Quran and Sunnah, handed down judgment by analogy (art. kias, comparison, judgment, analogy) and the norm was considered “correct”. But for its final legalization were required to accept the opinion of a reputable facebow. It happened one more basis of Shariah is the unanimous opinion of authoritative persons (art. al-ijma). Tradition builds its origins to the “seven faciam Medina” (W. Paul. VII.), but further development of ijma received in Iran, Syria, Egypt and other regions of the Caliphate.
In the course of hard struggle of facebow came to the recognition of four “roots” of Islamic law: Quran, Sunnah, ciasa and ijma. Longer was the debate of the acceptance or the rejection of legal norms elements of dogma, of principles of the approach to understanding rights and duties in Islam. In the end, we have developed four major t o l-K a (ar. mazhab, way, path, doctrine) or theological-legal schools (W. Paul. VIII-IX centuries) – hanifite, malikite, shaafa'is and hanbalis.

Sharia the basis of law

Sharia, the basis of law

The law of God 

A theological view of Sharia is that it is the “law of God”, he defined and prescribed from above. Therefore, every Muslim is obliged to follow strictly the precepts of the Islamic Shariah. Otherwise, he will suffer severe punishment in this world and the next. For good also follow the requirements of Sharia, the Muslims will be respected by people and rewarded by God as His true worshipers. The law of God is above human understanding, and therefore it must be done and not to discuss. The concept of Sharia is ambiguous among the theologians. The majority believes that it is based on the General provisions, regulations and requirements of Quranic verses and hadiths of the Sunnah. And because of that, and the other is based on the will of Allah and the opinion of Muhammad, the Shari'a should be considered “divine law” or, at least, by law, to comply with the General principles of the teachings of Islam.

Science agrees with theology 

Not going to go the mazes of theological controversy – they did not stop until now – and move on to the scientific characterization of the origins of the doctrine of Sharia areas.
The position of science at odds with the theological. All right as an expression of formal equality of people in a given society is the product of its development, when the corresponding norms of the legal order establishes the obligation of their execution. However, the right may speak on behalf of God, and then it becomes a theological expression, but in fact the right always sums up the social interests of the dominant forces in a given society. Right nobody gives neither from the outside nor on the subjective will, it is produced and codified in a system of norms the special representatives of the government, clothed with the proper authority. And then the right is being built in the law, speaking in the form of normative acts with higher legal force.

Muslim Law

All of this – the ABC of sociology and its not worth it to lead, if not for one important circumstance: in the mass the faithful with reverence, deify “Muslim law” as the embodiment of justice, eternal and immutable.
 It interferes with critical legal norms, the born and institutionalized in the medieval era. Entitled as flexible as relationship between people, developing in the process of production, exchange, and other forms of interaction. Therefore, such foundations of law as justice, equality, humanity, etc p., are changing and cannot be constant in its content. Any attempt to strictly follow the legal norms established a century ago in the other social conditions than the present, there is an uncritical return to the old, which is fraught with primarily costly spiritual order.
These are our starting points in understanding Muslim law.
The basis of it is the Sharia (ar. al-Sharia, the right or straight path) – a set of rules, regulations and authority, establishing civil and religious norms of Muslims on the beliefs of the Quran and Sunnah.

Characteristics of Hadith

 Characteristics of Hadith

Structure

The structure of the hadith has two parts: an enumeration of the names of the transmitters of the hadith, i.e., his source of support (art. the isnad) and the actual content of the hadith (ar. matn).
Transmitter of hadith must be a person with a spotless reputation, who can not be suspected of misrepresentation or fraud. Compiled entire directories with the names and biographies of worthy of confidence men (AP. rijal). Apparently, it excluded forgeries and false, representing the content of the hadith is absolutely authentic. In order to give part of the hadith's absolute truth, their authorship was erected to the God (ar. al-hadith al-Qudsi).

But could it exclude the falsification of hadith Sunnah so it would seem, diligent regard to the names of transmitters and the content? No. And the main reason for the unreliability of most of the hadith is the ideological clash of interests of different social circles of the Arab Caliphate. Every class, social stratum, or tribe sought to represent, protect and sanctify their interests respected “prophet”.

This gave rise to rampant fabrication of hadith with hope for the success of their vested interests. As noted above, theologians themselves were carefully chosen from hundreds of thousands of hadith a few percent deserving, in their opinion, trust. The arbitrariness in the emergence of hadiths were full. And for a recognition of experts, the history of Islam didn't know better “Holy deception”, rather than the mass composition of hadith with the intention to assert that the greatest authority of Allah and Muhammad patronize precisely that, protect those things or instructing them to do so.

Reliability of the Hadith through history

However, the actual low reliability of the hadith does not mean that the Sunnah cannot be considered worthy of attention or to treat it as an arbitrary fiction. Its contents must be approached historically, and then found that it absorbed a vast amount of material that reflects the real needs and views of people of his time. If the proportion of known hoaxes and eclectic hadith can be estimated as an important source of early mongols period, which contains the reflection: the evolution of ideological representations of Arabs and polytheists to monotheism, the worship of Allah; characteristics of individual Arab clans and tribes and personalities; his account of Hiking the troops of the Caliphate; the desire to unite the Arabs and converted to Islam of the peoples; the efforts to develop and to adopt as a regulator of relations between co-religionists the principles of ethical and legal norms; the desire for clearer and more complete than the Quran, the definition of the basis of faith and dogma of Islam, and practices of the cult of Allah; the desire to have higher sanctions on everyday life, the adoption of traditions, rites, rituals, etc.

As you can see, the Sunnah has considerably supplemented the Koran and their n life, fully reflect the rational requirements of people. The same thing happened with the very Islam: poorly defined contours of the doctrine in the Koran, elaborated in the hadith and this has contributed to the design of the entire system of worship of Allah.

Understanding of life through Hadith 

It is these virtues Sunnah acquired in the opinion of their supporters is high authority. Often it was esteemed equally with the Koran to be said of the literary and substantive merits of the Sunnah. Many hadiths have become a model of brevity, imagery, and depth of expression.
They represented different genres – from poetry to trenchant satires. The spiritual culture of many peoples of the Muslim East found its original release in the hadith, when in behalf of the Supreme authority of Allah and Mohammed, it was possible to express the full range of life affirming emotions and thoughts. That is why in the hadith prevails not religious, but secular issues, and the understanding of life expressed in optimistic colors without illusions and ideals of the afterlife. Of course, the gathering of hadith fell primarily into the hands of theologians, became professionals (muhaddiseen) this genre фольклора1.
It is clear that their efforts were selected as “reliable” first of all the hadith vosstavshie of Allah, the prophet, our beliefs, religious requirements, etc. But with all the passion of those scholars of hadith were negligible compared to those which expressed secular views and vital aspirations of the people. So muhaddis were forced to include in the index a significant and substantial part of the folklore material of non-religious content: the richer life of religious observance and normal people scratching their limited scope. In fact, there is at least jot religious in following the hadith?
The death of scientists is the death of the world.
For knowledge go even to Beijing.
The man's knowledge is true wealth.
Learning is my pride.
Hour of scientific conversation better than seventy years of prayer

Sunnah - Holy tradition

Sunnah, the Holy tradition

The view of theology 

If the Qur'an was transmitted to Muhammad (sallallaahu ' alaihi WA sallam) of Allah revelation, the Sunnah became the biography of the prophet. Because of their modesty, having a personal Secretary, he has not created a biography. But all who came in contact with him, remember the slightest episodes, words and actions of the messenger of God. It was profound in its meaning, the words and exemplary deeds that determined the whole life of the faithful in the then and future generations. The prophet was so wise, active, and delightful, that to describe every detail of his biography is simply impossible. But people still tried to do it, remembering what he saw and heard from the prophet. His closest friends, the companions and the following generation of the companions. A list of their names in the first part of the hadith (isnad) makes the text itself a responsible and reliable. Therefore, we faithfully do not doubt the veracity of hadith and Sunnah revered as a sacred tradition of our beloved prophet.

Some theories are more skeptical 

The opinions of European Orientalists have been divided in their assessment of the Sunnah, though most considered it worthy of serious consideration. Academician V. V. Bartold expressed skeptical attitude to the Sunnah, considering unauthentic hadith as a historical source and in establishing the facts of the life of Mohammed it is now necessary to use legends, it is possible to settle for the places of the Quran that are clear without comments.

More categorically expressed by the Danish orientalist and historian F. Buhl (1850-1932). Working on his book “Life of Muhammad", he was faced with an insurmountable difficulty in the use of hadith and stated: “it contains so many lies, how much there is in other areas of the literature of humanity”

Partly the scientists are right: the Sunnah, indeed, mystifies the identity of the “prophet” and gives a lot of false information. But on this basis it is impossible to question all the Sunna as a historical source for a wide range of issues of formation and evolution of the spiritual culture of the peoples of the Muslim East. With all the uncertainty and even the fantastic many hadith, Sunnah still reflects the essential features of his time and this is a valuable folklore, and then written monument of the Oriental middle ages.

The Qur'an and its world view foundations

Similarities between The Qu'ran and The Bible

The Koran and its world view foundations

Familiar with the contents of the Bible can affect the proximity of the stories of the Quran from the Holy book of Jews (old Testament or first part of the Bible) and Christians, read along with the old Testament and the second part – the New Testament. Yes, it is. Mohammed and the compilers of the Quran knew the Bible, borrowing it from a place and in a modified form adapting to the cult of Allah. Therefore, we see the similarity of many ideas, precepts, maxims, and even the characters of these two books.

The researchers believe that the number of verses of the Koran is about two thirds of the verses in the New Testament.

It is not a book only about religion 

In connection with the attempts in our time to present the Qur'an in less religious book and a source for the burning issues like “right to live” and understand the world, we have to make major revisions. We will not close your eyes to all the contents of the Koran and say about him in accordance with what we have. Let them not be offended at me for the rightness of those who used to read the Koran as a secular guide moral and ethical rules and norms.In the same way as the Bible, the Qur'an must be considered primarily a book of religious content. Remember that it derives from the emerging of a new religion – Islam. Accordingly, the content is due, above all, the needs of the emergence of Islam as a religious system. Along with this, of course, not bypassed and a side of purely secular content of the then Arab life. Last I would like to emphasize in connection with the attempts to absolutize the contents of the Koran as if it is true “at all times” and “for all people”. In the very same book says that it is “an Arabic Quran” (12, 2; 20, 112; 39, 29; 41, 2 etc.), “Arab law” (13, 37). It is clear that during the preparation of the book it was revealed to the Arabs their Arab deity Allah. Just as the extension of the limits of the Caliphate and the development of Islam as a theological system the Quran is absolutized in the same way as Allah: “to Allah belongs both East and West, and wherever you turned, there is the face of Allah” (2, 109).

Adaptation 

The contents of the Koran are multi-layered. It is based on mythological ideas of the Semites, reinterpreted and adapted to the faith in Allah. World, earth, people, animals represented by the instantaneous result of God's creation, its absolutely free of any creative act: “He is the Creator of heaven and earth, and when he decrees a matter, he only says to him “Be!” and it is” (2, 111). The land seems to spread out a “carpet” of the plane, the call placed at the edges of the mountains. Set the heavens as a “firmament”, the seven arches, and the lower set of attached stars, the sun and the moon. Beyond the heavenly dome are the dwellings of Allah is surrounded by angels. They praise the Creator and carry out his orders. After death the soul of man is undergoing all kinds of tests and finally gets to a place of eternal stay in heaven (ar. al-Jannah – a garden) or hell (art. Jahannam – hell, flame).
We see that in these views, spontaneously reflects attitudes of the ethnic group of the Arabian Peninsula, has experienced the influence from the followers of other religions – Jews, Christians, and Aristov (Pars), in particular.